Simbi isina ngura ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinonyanya kuomeswa pakuboorwa. Kusiyana nesimbi isina ngura kana aluminium, inorwisa hunyanzvi husina kunaka uye maturusi asina kunaka nekukurumidza uye zvinooneka - kuburikidza nemabhiti akatyoka, maburi makuru, uye kupedzisa pamusoro pakaoma. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura kuti sei simbi isina ngura ichiita sezvainoita, uye zvinorevei pakusarudza bhora rakakodzera, kuisa maparamita akakodzera, uye kuchengetedza mhando yakafanana pakugadzirwa.
Sei simbi isina ngura ichinetsa kuboora
Kunzwisisa dambudziko kunotanga nechinhu chacho pachacho. Simbi isina ngura — kunyanya magiredhi e-austenitic akadai se304 ne316 — ine zvinhu zviviri zvinoita kuti kucherwa kuve kwakaoma kupfuura dzimwe simbi dzakawanda.
Kuomesa basa
Kana simbi isingatsvedzeri ikasangana nekumanikidzwa kwemuchina — kusanganisira simba rekucheka rinobva mudhirowa — zvinhu zviri panzvimbo yekucheka zvinooma nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinonzi kuoma kwebasa, uye zvinoitika nekukurumidza mumhando dzeaustenitic stainless grades kupfuura mune chero chimwe chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira.
Mukuita izvi zvinoreva kuti: kana chidhinha chekuboorera chikamira, chikanonoka, kana kukwesha panzvimbo pekucheka zvakanaka, nzvimbo iri pasi pechidhinha inooma mukati memasekonzi mashoma. Kucheka kunotevera kunosangana nechikamu chakaoma kupfuura chiri pamberi pacho. Izvi zvinokurumidzisa kupera kwechishandiso zvakanyanya uye, kana zvikasagadziriswa, zvinotungamira kuomeswa kwebasa mukati megomba - zvichiita kuti basa riwedzere kuoma sezvo richifambira mberi.
Kufambisa kwemafuta kwakaderera
Simbi isina ngura haifambisi kupisa zvakanaka kana tichienzanisa nesimbi isina ngura kana aruminiyamu. Panguva yekuboora, kucheka kunounza kupisa kwakawanda. Muchinhu chine thermal conductivity yakanaka, kupisa kwakawanda kunotorwa ne workpiece nema chips. Mu steel isina ngura, kupisa kunonyanya kukwira pamucheto wekucheka.
Kusanganiswa kwekuomesa basa uye kuwanda kwekupisa kunokonzera dambudziko guru: sezvo chidimbu chekuboorera chinopisa, kuoma kwacho pamucheto wekutanga kunotanga kudzikira. Mupendero wakapfava unocheka zvishoma, unogadzira kukweshana kwakawanda, unogadzira kupisa kwakawanda - uye kutenderera kunoenderera mberi kusvika chidimbu chakundikana.
Kusarudza chibooreso chakakodzera: M2 vs M35
Chinhu chimwe chete chinonyanya kukosha pakuboorera simbi isingatsvinda isimbi inoboorerwa. Sarudzo mbiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri isimbi yeM2 neM35 inokurumidza. Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati padzo kunokosha kupfuura zvinofungwa nevatengi vazhinji.
M2 simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya
M2 ndiyo mhando yesimbi inomhanya zvikuru uye ndiyo inonyanya kugadzirwa pasi rose. Muumbirwo wayo — inenge 6% tungsten, 5% molybdenum, 4% chromium, uye 2% vanadium — inoita kuti ive yakaoma, yakasimba, uye inoshanda zvakanaka pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Muganho weM2 pakushanda kwesimbi isingatsvinda ndeyekuoma kwayo kunopisa, kunonziwo kuomarara kutsvuku. Izvi zvinoreva kugona kwechinhu kuchengetedza kuomarara kwacho pakupisa kwakakwirira. M2 inotanga kurasikirwa nekuomarara zvine musoro panosvika 550–600°C. Mukuchera simbi isingatsvinda — kunyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzira kana kana kutonhora kusina kukwana — tembiricha dzemazuva ano dzinopfuura huwandu uhu nguva nenguva.
Kana mupendero wacho wanyorova, unomira kucheka wotanga kukwesha. Kukweshana kunowedzera, kupisa kunowedzera, jira rakaomarara rinova rakaoma kupinda, uye hupenyu hwechishandiso hunoderera zvakanyanya. Kukundikana hakusi nguva dzose kwakangoerekana kwaitika - kunowanzoonekwa sekunzwa kwekudyisa kwakanyanya, kuwedzera kupwanyika kwakatenderedza gomba rekubuda naro, uye kuora kwehupamhi hwegomba risati rapera.
Simbi yeM35 cobalt inomhanya zvakanyanya
M35 inoshandisa hwaro hwakafanana nehwayo hweM2 nekuwedzera inenge 5% cobalt. Cobalt haibatanidzwi zvakananga mukucheka - haigadzire makabhohaidhiretsi kana kuwedzera kuomarara patembiricha yemumba nenzira ine musoro. Basa rayo nderekudzikamisa matrix yesimbi patembiricha yakakwira, zvichisimudzira nzvimbo iyo kuomarara kunotanga kuora.
M35 inochengetedza kuomarara kunobatsira kusvika panosvika 630–650°C. Musiyano we50–80°C kana uchienzaniswa neM2 ungaratidzika kunge wakaderera, asi hupenyu hwechishandiso hunonyanya kukanganiswa nekupisa munzvimbo iyi. Mukuyedza kwakadzorwa pakuenzanisa simbi isingatsvedzeri, M35 inowanzoburitsa maburi akawanda zvakapetwa kaviri kusvika katatu pane M2 pasi pemamiriro akaenzana - uye kazhinji zvakanyanya kana basa racho riine kuchekwa kwakakanganiswa, mwero wekudyisa unoshanduka, kana kutonhodza kusina kukwana.
Kune vatengi, kuenzanisa kwehupfumi kuri nyore: M35 bits inodhura zvakanyanya payuniti, asi mutengo paburi rinoboorwa — unosanganisira kuwanda kwekutsiva, nguva yekudzima kwemuchina, uye mwero wekuramba kubva paburi risina kunaka — kazhinji wakaderera mune chero mamiriro ekugadzira anosanganisira simbi isingatsvedzeri.
Kana M2 ichiri kugamuchirwa
M2 haina kukodzera zvachose simbi isingatsvi. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera, inogona kushanda zvakanaka:
•Kumhanya kwakaderera kwekucheka nechinhu chinotonhodza mvura yakawanda
•Kuboorwa kwepakati nepakati, kusingadhuri zvakanyanya uko chikamu chacho chine nguva yekutonhorera pakati pemaburi
•Zvinhu zvakatetepa (≤3mm) apo chibooreso chinosangana nechinhu chebasa kwenguva pfupi
•Kana mitengo yakaderera zvichiita kuti M35 isashande uye hunhu hwemaburi hwakakura.
Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda, pachinhu chakakora, kana kuti panonyanya kukosha kuti zvive nyore kuona kuti zvinhu zvacho zvine divi rakarurama, M35 ndiyo sarudzo yakavimbika.
Kucheka kumhanya uye chiyero chekudya
Kunyangwe paine chinhu chakakodzera, ma parameter ekucheka asina kunaka anokonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Zvinhu zviviri zvinodzora i speed yekucheka (inoratidzwa se surface speed mu m/min, kana kushandurwa kuita RPM kune dhayamita yakatarwa) uye feed rate (kuti drill inokurumidza sei pa revolution imwe neimwe).
Kukurumidza kutema
Pasimbi isingasvibi, kumhanya kwepamusoro kunokurudzirwa kwema HSS drill bits kwakaderera zvakanyanya pane kwesimbi isina kusimba. Gwaro rekushandisa austenitic grades (304, 316):
•M2 HSS: 10–15 m/min kumhanya kwenzvimbo
•M35 cobalt HSS: 15–25 m/min kumhanya kwepamusoro
Izvi zvinoshandurwa kuita RPM seizvi: RPM = (kumhanya kwepamusoro × 1000) ÷ (π × dhayamita yekuboorera mu mm). 10mm M35 bit mu316 stainless steel, yakanangana ne20 m/min, yaizomhanya pa637 RPM.
Kumhanya nekumhanya zvakanyanya ndicho chikanganiso chinowanzoitika kana uchichera simbi isingatsvi. Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunounza kupisa nekukurumidza kupfuura kunokwanisa kubviswa nechinhu chinotonhodza uye nekukurumidza kupfuura kutakurirwa nechip. Chinodziya zvakanyanya, chinorasikirwa nekuoma kwemupendero, uye chinokundikana nekukurumidza. Vashandisi vakajaira kuchera simbi isingatsvi kana aluminium vanowanzo mhanyisa simbi isingatsvi nekumhanya kwakapetwa kaviri kusvika katatu.
Chiyero chekudyisa
Kuwanda kwekudya kunofanira kunge kwakakwira zvekuti chikamu chinocheka nguva dzose pane kukwesha. Chikafu chakanyanya kurema chinobvumira chikamu kuti chisvetuke pamusoro pechinhu chakaoma chisina kupinda mukati - zvichigadzira kupisa pasina kubvisa zvinhu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuoma kwebasa risati rasvika mugomba.
Mwero wekudyisa unokurudzirwa wesimbi isingatsvi (pakuchinjana kwese): 0.05–0.10 mm yezvidimbu zvinosvika dhayamita ye5mm; 0.10–0.20 mm ye5–15mm; 0.20–0.35 mm pamusoro pe15mm. Aya ndiwo mavambo - gadzirisa zvichibva pakuumbwa kwechip kwakaonekwa, ruzha rwekucheka, uye tembiricha pamucheto wekuboorera.
Chiratidzo chakavimbika chekuti ma parameters akarurama i chip. Chip yakatetepa, yakakombama inoratidza kucheka kwakakodzera. Machipisi marefu, ane tambo anoratidza kuti chikafu chakanyanya kupfava. Machipisi ane upfu kana kuti asina ruvara anoratidza kupisa kwakanyanya.
Chinhu chinotonhodza uye mafuta ekuzora
Chinhu chinotonhodza hachidiwi kana uchichera simbi isingatsvi. Basa rayo rine zvinhu zviviri: kubvisa kupisa kubva panzvimbo yekucheka, uye kuisa mafuta pakati pema "bit flutes" nemadziro egomba kuderedza kupisa kunokonzerwa nekukweshana.
Chinhu chinotonhodza mvura chinokonzerwa nemvura inonaya (mafuta anonyunguduka akasanganiswa neanenge 8–10%) ndiyo nzira inoshanda zvikuru mumichina nematurusi. Pakuboora nemaoko kana kudhirowa pasina chinhu chinotonhodza mvura chinoshandiswa pakugadzira mvura inonaya, mvura yekucheka inoiswa zvakananga paburi uye panzvimbo yekupinda usati waboora uye panguva yekuboora inokosha. Kuboora simbi isina ngura kunofanira kudzivirirwa chero munzvimbo iyo hunhu hwemaburi kana hupenyu hweturusi hunokosha.
Muchina wekutonhodza unofanirwa kusvika panzvimbo yekucheka. Muchina wekutonhodza wekunze uri pazvishandiso zvakakora (zvinopfuura 15–20mm) ungasatonhodza zvakakwana muromo we bit - muzviitiko izvi, kushandisa midziyo yekutonhodza kana kuti periodic bit retraction kuti ubvise machipisi uye wobvumira kutonhodza kunodiwa.
Geometry uye kona yepoindi
Zvidimbu zve 118° point drill bits zvakajairika zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Pasimbi isingasvibi, 135° split-point geometry inoshanda zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri.
Chekutanga, nzvimbo yakakamurwa inobvisa mupendero wechisel uripo pazvidimbu zvakajairwa zvepasi. Mupendero wechisel haucheki — unosunda nekukwenya, zvichiburitsa kupisa pasina kubviswa kwechip. Kubvisa zvinoreva kuti chidimbu chinotanga kucheka pakarepo kana chabatwa, zvichideredza kupisa kwekutanga uye katsika kekutsvedza.
Chechipiri, kona isina kudzika ye135° inogovera masimba ekucheka zvakaenzana pamiromo yekucheka, ichideredza mutoro panzvimbo imwe neimwe uye ichivandudza kugara kwenguva refu kwezvinhu zvakaoma kana zvinosimbisa basa.
Kune akawanda mashandisirwo ekuboorera simbi isingasvibi, 135° split-point M35 cobalt bit ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekutanga.
Kugadzika uye kubata basa
Kuomarara kwechinhu chacho kunonyanya kukosha kana chiine simbi isingatsvi kupfuura kana chiine zvinhu zvakapfava. Kudengenyeka kana kutsauka pakati pechinhu chacho nechinhu chacho kunoita kuti chinhu chacho chikweshe nguva nenguva pane kucheka nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti chiome uye kuti mucheto wacho ucheke.
Zvishandiso zvebasa zvinofanira kusungwa zvakasimba, kwete kubatwa nemaoko. Chidimbu chedhiri chinofanira kuongororwa kuti hachina kuyerera zvakanaka here usati watanga kugadzira - kunyangwe huwandu hushoma hwechidimbu hunoita kuti miromo ichekwe isashande zvakanaka. Kuwedzerwa kwemabhiti mapfupi kunofarirwa pane kureba; kusvika kwenguva refu kunowedzera kutsauka kana mutoro wava kure.
Pakupinda kwegomba mujira rakatetepa risina ngura, chiratidzo chepakati kana gomba repilot rinoderedza kuskateta pakutanga kwekucheka. Pakubuda kwegomba, ndiro yekumashure yesimbi yakachekwa kana aluminium inodzivirira kubvaruka kweburr uye zvinhu zvinowanzoitika kana chidimbu chabuda.
Pfupiso: zvinhu zvakakosha zvekudzora
•Zvinhu zveBit: shandisa M35 cobalt HSS pakugadzira chero simbi isina ngura. M2 inyaya yekubvumirana.
•Kumhanya kwekucheka: kumhanya zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura zvaungaita kana simbi isina kusimba. Kupisa ndiyo nzira huru yekukundikana.
•Kuwanda kwekudya: ramba uchidya zvakanaka nguva dzese. Kukwesha zvishoma kunoita kuti kuome.
•Chinhu chinotonhodza: isa nguva dzose panzvimbo yekucheka. Kuboorwa kwakaoma kunopfupisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwechishandiso.
•Geometry: 135° split-point inonyanya kunaka pane 118° standard ye stainless steel.
•Kuomarara: sunga zvakasimba, deredza kupera kwemvura, dzivisa kuwedzera kwenguva refu.
Kuboora simbi isina ngura hakusi kwakaoma — kunova kwakaoma kana maturusi kana maparameter akasarudzwa kune chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Nekutsanangurwa kwakakodzera kwebit, kumhanya kwakakodzera uye mafeeds, uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwecoolant, zvinodzorwa zvizere pahuwandu hwekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2026